When you exfoliate your body, you help to remove dead skin cells from the surface. Skin sheds these cells without help, but the process can be uneven, especially on dry areas such as the elbows, knees and shins. Gentle exfoliation leaves skin smoother and helps moisturizer to spread evenly. Done too hard or too often, it causes irritation.
Two ways to exfoliate
| Physical (mechanical) | Chemical | |
|---|---|---|
| How it works | Rubbing lifts dead cells | Acids or enzymes loosen the bonds between cells |
| Examples | Scrubs, washcloth, exfoliating gloves or mitts, brushes | Lotions and washes with glycolic, lactic or salicylic acid, or urea |
| Effect | Immediate smoothness | Gradual, even smoothing |
| Main risk | Scratching and irritation from too much pressure | Stinging, dryness and sun sensitivity if overused |
Choose by skin type
- Dry or sensitive skin: a soft washcloth, or a mild chemical exfoliant such as lactic acid or urea in a lotion. Avoid rough scrubs.
- Oily or thick skin: can tolerate scrubs or stronger products.
- Darker skin tones: be gentle. Aggressive exfoliation can trigger dark marks.
- Rough bumps on the upper arms (keratosis pilaris): chemical exfoliants in a lotion usually work better than scrubbing. See Keratosis Pilaris: A Gentle Body Care Routine.
- Acne on the back or chest: a wash with salicylic acid. Do not scrub.
How to use a physical exfoliant
- Wet your skin with warm water for a few minutes.
- Apply the scrub, or use a damp cloth or mitt, with light pressure.
- Move in small circles for about 30 seconds per area.
- Give extra, gentle attention to elbows, knees and heels.
- Rinse with lukewarm water.
- Pat dry and moisturize at once.
Choose scrubs with fine, rounded particles, such as sugar. Avoid coarse, jagged particles.
How to use a chemical exfoliant
- Start with a low strength, two or three times a week.
- Apply the lotion to clean, dry skin, or use the wash in the shower, as the label directs.
- Do not use it on freshly shaved or broken skin. It will sting.
- Moisturize if the product is not already a moisturizer.
- Use sunscreen on exposed areas. Alpha hydroxy acids can make skin more sensitive to the sun.
How often
| Skin type | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Sensitive or very dry | Once a week, or less |
| Normal | Once or twice a week |
| Oily or thick | Two or three times a week |
Use one method at a time. Do not scrub on the same day as you use an acid lotion.
What about dry brushing?
Dry brushing means sweeping a firm, dry brush over the skin before a shower. It removes surface flakes and feels invigorating. Claims that it removes toxins or cellulite are not supported by good evidence. If you try it, use light strokes and avoid it on sensitive, inflamed or broken skin.
When not to exfoliate
- On sunburnt, cut, grazed or infected skin.
- During a flare of eczema or psoriasis.
- Straight after waxing or shaving.
- If you use prescription retinoids or other treatments that make skin fragile, unless your doctor agrees.
- If your skin stings or turns red afterwards.
Exfoliating and hair removal
Gentle exfoliation a day before shaving or waxing helps to free hairs and may reduce ingrown hairs. Do not exfoliate for a day or two afterwards. See How to Prepare Your Skin for Hair Removal.
Signs you are overdoing it
- Redness, soreness or a burning feeling.
- Shiny, tight skin.
- More dryness or flaking.
- New breakouts or dark marks.
Stop, moisturize and wait until the skin has recovered.
Aftercare
Always follow exfoliation with a moisturizer. See When to Apply Body Lotion for Your Daily Routine. Rough elbows and knees need regular care more than hard scrubbing. See Rough Elbows and Knees: Daily Skin Care Tips. Keep your tools clean. See Loofah vs Washcloth vs Shower Brush: A Simple Guide.
Related on ArniSun
- Keratosis Pilaris: A Gentle Body Care Routine
- Rough Elbows and Knees: Daily Skin Care Tips
- How to Prepare Your Skin for Hair Removal
- Loofah vs Washcloth vs Shower Brush: A Simple Guide
- When to Apply Body Lotion for Your Daily Routine
Sources and further reading
Frequently asked questions
How often should I exfoliate my body?
Once or twice a week suits most people. Sensitive or dry skin may need it less often.
Is a body scrub or a chemical exfoliant better?
Neither is better for everyone. Scrubs give instant smoothness. Chemical exfoliants are more even and are often gentler for dry or bumpy skin.
Should I exfoliate before or after shaving?
Before, ideally the day before or gently just before. Exfoliating freshly shaved skin causes stinging and irritation.